解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are age-related neurodegenerative disorders with shared genetic etiologies and overlapping clinical and pathological features. Here we studied a novel ALS/FTD family and identified the P362L mutation in the low-complexity domain (LCD) of T cell-rest...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.025
更新日期:2017-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the organization of motor representations in posterior parietal cortex, we test how three motor variables (body side, body part, cognitive strategy) are coded in the human anterior intraparietal cortex. All tested movements were encoded, arguing against strict anatomical segregation of effectors. Single uni...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.040
更新日期:2017-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal excitation, for which the majority of studies have used a limited number of optogenetic and chemogenetic tools, the number of genetically...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.050
更新日期:2017-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The fields of neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) have a long and intertwined history. In more recent times, however, communication and collaboration between the two fields has become less commonplace. In this article, we argue that better understanding biological brains could play a vital role in building i...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.011
更新日期:2017-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Perceptual decisions require the transformation of raw sensory inputs into cortical representations suitable for stimulus discrimination. One of the best-known examples of this transformation involves the middle temporal area (MT) of the primate visual cortex. Area MT provides a robust representation of stimulus motio...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.024
更新日期:2017-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Lattice-like structures known as perineuronal nets (PNNs) are key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Once fully crystallized by adulthood, they are largely stable throughout life. Contrary to previous reports that PNNs inhibit processes involving plasticity, here we report that the dynamic regulation of PNN...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.007
更新日期:2017-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral mobility of neurotransmitter receptors has been shown to tune synaptic signals. Here we report that GABAA receptors (GABAARs) can diffuse between adjacent dendritic GABAergic synapses in long-living desensitized states, thus laterally spreading "activation memories" between inhibitory synapses. Glutamaterg...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.022
更新日期:2017-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Ventral midbrain dopamine (DA) is unambiguously involved in motivation and behavioral arousal, yet the contributions of other DA populations to these processes are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the dorsal raphe nucleus DA neurons are critical modulators of behavioral arousal and sleep-wake patterning. U...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.020
更新日期:2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::At least 30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) send distinct messages through the optic nerve to the brain. Available strategies of promoting axon regeneration act on only some of these types. Here we tested the hypothesis that overexpressing developmentally important transcription factors in adult RGCs could repr...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.035
更新日期:2017-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely believed that the brain performs approximate probabilistic inference to estimate causal variables in the world from ambiguous sensory data. To understand these computations, we need to analyze how information is represented and transformed by the actions of nonlinear recurrent neural networks. We propose ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.028
更新日期:2017-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) was originally identified as a slow Ca2+ sensor for lysosome fusion, but its function at fast synapses is controversial. The paper by Luo and Südhof (2017) in this issue of Neuron shows that at the calyx of Held in the auditory brainstem Syt7 triggers asynchronous release during stimulus trains,...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.011
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::We recently applied multiplexed seqFISH to profile expressions of hundreds of genes at the single-cell level in situ (Shah et al., 2016) and provided a map of spatial heterogeneity within each subregion, reconciling previously contradictory descriptions of CA1 at lower spatial resolutions. The accompanying Matters Ari...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.008
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The selection and timing of actions are subject to determinate influences such as sensory cues and internal state as well as to effectively stochastic variability. Although stochastic choice mechanisms are assumed by many theoretical models, their origin and mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we investigated th...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.040
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that hippocampal "time cells" code for sequential moments in temporally organized experiences. However, it is currently unknown whether these temporal firing patterns critically rely on upstream cortical input. Here we employ an optogenetic approach to explore the effect of large-scale inacti...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.003
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of the brain to store and process information relies on changing the strength of connections between neurons. Synaptic facilitation is a form of short-term plasticity that enhances synaptic transmission for less than a second. Facilitation is a ubiquitous phenomenon thought to play critical roles in inform...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.047
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::Early postnatal mammals, including human babies, can perform only basic motor tasks. The acquisition of skilled behaviors occurs later, requiring anatomical changes in neural circuitry to support the development of coordinated activation or suppression of functionally related muscle groups. How this circuit reorganiza...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.019
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is thought to regulate behavioral responses under emotionally arousing conditions. Reward-associated cues activate PVT neurons; however, the specific PVT efferents regulating reward seeking remain elusive. Using a cued sucrose-seeking task, we manipulated PVT activity ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.036
更新日期:2017-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Respiration is a rhythmic activity as well as one that requires responsiveness to internal and external circumstances; both the rhythm and neuromodulatory responses of breathing are controlled by brainstem neurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), but the specific ion channels...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.024
更新日期:2017-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::The perception of visual motion is critical for animal navigation, and flies are a prominent model system for exploring this neural computation. In Drosophila, the T4 cells of the medulla are directionally selective and necessary for ON motion behavioral responses. To examine the emergence of directional selectivity, ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.010
更新日期:2017-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine is thought to play a critical role in reinforcement learning and goal-directed behavior, but its function in action selection remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that nigrostriatal dopamine biases ongoing action selection. When mice were trained to dynamically switch the action selected at different ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.029
更新日期:2017-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Neuron, Gantz and Bean (2017) show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) can directly alter the properties of native ion-channel Kv4.3 and accelerate the pacemaker activity of rodent dopamine neurons. These findings are one of the first demonstrations of postsynaptic, cell-autonomous...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::The spatial receptive fields of neurons in medial entorhinal cortex layer II (MECII) and in the hippocampus suggest general and environment-specific maps of space, respectively. However, the relationship between these receptive fields remains unclear. We reversibly manipulated the activity of MECII neurons via chemoge...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.001
更新日期:2017-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a conserved pathway that delivers cytoplasmic contents to the lysosome for degradation. Here we consider its roles in neuronal health and disease. We review evidence from mouse knockout studies demonstrating the normal functions of autophagy as a protective factor against neurodegeneration associated with...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.022
更新日期:2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Neuron, Espuny-Camacho et al. (2017) generate a humanized Alzheimer's disease (AD) model that reveals species-specific vulnerability of human neurons to AD pathology. This model provides key insights for disease mechanism and therapeutic discovery for AD. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.044
更新日期:2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between genetic and epigenetic effects shape brain function, behavior, and the risk for mental illness. Random X inactivation and genomic imprinting are epigenetic allelic effects that are well known to influence genetic architecture and disease risk. Less is known about the nature, prevalence, and conser...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.033
更新日期:2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::The establishment of spinal motor neuron subclass diversity is achieved through developmental programs that are aligned with the organization of muscle targets in the limb. The evolutionary emergence of digits represents a specialized adaptation of limb morphology, yet it remains unclear how the specification of digit...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.017
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Intracortical somatosensory interfaces have now entered the clinical domain. Darie et al. explore the implications of research published in Science Translational Medicine by Flesher et al. (2016), discuss how to design such a system given current technology, and question how to effectively communicate with users about...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.008
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal motor commands, whether generating real or neuroprosthetic movements, are shaped by ongoing sensory feedback from the displacement being produced. Here we asked if cortical stimulation could provide artificial feedback during operant conditioning of cortical neurons. Simultaneous two-photon imaging and real-t...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.023
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo optogenetics provides unique, powerful capabilities in the dissection of neural circuits implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Conventional hardware for such studies, however, physically tethers the experimental animal to an external light source, limiting the range of possible experiments. Emerging wirele...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.031
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::The earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by the formation of mature tangles in the entorhinal cortex and disorientation and confusion when navigating familiar places. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) contains specialized neurons called grid cells that form part of the spatial navigation syst...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.023
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Neuron, Tufail et al. present an underlying mechanism for microglia-mediated elimination of virally transduced cells in the central nervous system. These findings could contribute to the development of improved gene therapies for various neurological disorders by exploring why microglia destroy viable...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.025
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) serves as a key cellular correlate of associative learning, which is facilitated by elevated attentional and emotional states involving activation of adrenergic signaling. At cellular levels, adrenergic signaling increases dendrite excitability, but the underlying mech...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.039
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::GABAergic interneurons play critical roles in seizures, but it remains unknown whether these vary across interneuron subtypes or evolve during a seizure. This uncertainty stems from the unpredictable timing of seizures in most models, which limits neuronal imaging or manipulations around the seizure onset. Here, we de...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.043
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::A circadian clock governs most aspects of mammalian behavior. Although its properties are in part genetically determined, altered light-dark environment can change circadian period length through a mechanism requiring de novo DNA methylation. We show here that this mechanism is mediated not via cell-autonomous clock p...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.022
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Painful mechanical stimuli activate multiple peripheral sensory afferent subtypes simultaneously, including nociceptors and low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). Using an optogenetic approach, we demonstrate that LTMRs do not solely serve as touch receptors but also play an important role in acute pain signaling. We...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.027
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Fear is a graded central motive state ranging from mild to intense. As threat intensity increases, fear transitions from discriminative to generalized. The circuit mechanisms that process threats of different intensity are not well resolved. Here, we isolate a unique population of locally projecting neurons in the cen...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.034
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Real-time activity measurements of genetically identified neuroendocrine vasopressin neurons show they can anticipate osmotic challenges. In this issue of Neuron, Mandelblat-Cerf et al. (2017) show that correlating these results with ongoing behavior and plasma osmolality points to the existence of brain networks that...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.033
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::A critical feature of neural networks is that they balance excitation and inhibition to prevent pathological dysfunction. How this is achieved is largely unknown, although deficits in the balance contribute to many neurological disorders. We show here that a microRNA (miR-101) is a key orchestrator of this essential f...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.017
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Yang et al. (2016) show that transplantation of GABAergic inhibitory neurons into the amygdala boosts the persistence of fear extinction in mice. Transplantation was found to degrade perineuronal nets on endogenous inhibitory neurons and enhance synaptic plasticity in host amygdala. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.012
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Perception of the thermal environment begins with the activation of peripheral thermosensory neurons innervating the body surface. To understand how temperature is represented in vivo, we used genetically encoded calcium indicators to measure temperature-evoked responses in hundreds of neurons across the trigeminal ga...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.021
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00